January 11

To start class off we corrected the classifying chemical equations and another worksheet. Mr. doktor did a demonstration on burning steel wool and magnesium. When Mr.doktor burnt the steel wool, the part that was in the fire was darker then the rest because the burnt wool was ion oxidized and it does not burn. When he burnt the magnesium, it looked like fireworks, it was very bright. He also passed around ammonia nitrate, he told the class that this was the stuff that is in the heat packs.

Heat in Chemical RxNs

• Reactions that release heat are exothermic
• Reactions that absorb heat heat are edothermic

Heat is a form of energy. All chemicals have stored energy called enthalpy

Enthalpy of water < align="left">

January 7

January 5

Today in class we learned about the different types of reactions.
SYNTHESIS
A + B = AB
ex. Al + F2 -> AlF3

DECOMPOSITION
AB -> A + B
ex. H3PO4 -> H2 + P4 + O2

SINGLE REPLACEMENT
A + BC -> B + AC
ex. Ca + KCl -> K + CaCl2

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
AB + CD -> AD + CB
ex. MgCl2 + K2SO4 -> MgSO4 + ClK

NEUTRALIZATION
Acid + base -> Water + Ionic salt
ex. H2S04 + KOH -> HOH + K2SO4

COMMBUSTION
* reaction with oxygen
ex. C8H18 + 02 -> Co2 + H2O

DECEMBER 14

Today in class we started the section on balancing equations. I shall finish this tomorrow once I bring my notes home.

HOMEWORK:Pg. 284 #1 & 2 , Pg 281#1-4

DECEMBER 7

Today in class we were interrupted by an earthquake!!!!.... a fake one ofcourse !
After the class got settled we quickly started our LAB :) -->DILUTION AND CREATING SOLUTIONS

Mr. Doktor gave us our last set of notes before our exam.

FINDING MOLECULAR FORMULAS
-you need the empirical formula and molar mass

Example: The empirical formula for a compound is CH2O and the molar mass is 60.0 g/mol. Find the molecular formula (work is shown below)



Example: The empirical formula for a compound is C2H6O and the molar mass is 138g/mol. Find the molecular formula. (work is shown below)

STOCK SOLUTION

--are con'c solutions from suppliers

12 M HCl

15M HNO3

18M H2SO4

Homework: STUDY FOR TEST (thursday, December 10)

WHAT DOES THE TEST CONSIST OF?

-all mole conversions<---avogadro's number

-empirical formulas

-percent mass & percent composition

-concentration

-molar volume

-dilution

-molecular formulas

December 3, 2009

Giving Directions

Making solutions ----> figure out mass to add

EXAMPLES:

A.Kristina is asked to make a 350mL solution of K2SO4 with a concentration of 0.65M. What STEPS will he follow?
V= 350mL = .350L

Molar Mass: K2SO4 = 174.3g/mol

0.65mol/L x (0.350L) = 0.2275

(o.2275mol) x 174.3g/mol = 39.65g

These are the STEPS we get when we refer to the work above:
1. Weigh 39.65 of K2SO4
2. Measure 350mL of water
3. Stir your solution


B. Give directions to make 3.00L of 5.0M NaOH.
Molar Mass: NaOH = 40g

5.0mol/L x (3.00L) = 15mol

(15mol) x 40g/mol = 600g

These are the STEPS we get when we refer to the work above:
1. Weigh 600g of NaOH
2. Measure 3.00L of water
3. Stir your solution

Dilution of Solution

When you add water the concentration decreases.
If volume is doubled, concentration is halved.



EXAMPLES:

A.Heidi adds 200.0mL of water to 60.0mL of 0.80M HCl. Find the final con'c of HCl.
C1 = 0.80M
V1 = 60.0mL
C2 = ?
V2 = 260mL

0.80M/L x (0.060L) = 0.048 mol

C1V1/V2 = C2 = (0.80)(60.0mL)/260mL = 0.18M


B. Alanna adds water to 200mL of 0.45M HF. He gets a final volume of 500mL. Find the final[HF].
C1 = 0.45M
C2 = ?
V1 = 200mL
V2 = 500mL

C1V1 = C2V2
(0.45)(0.200) = C2(0.500L)

(0.45)(0.200)/0.500 = C2

C2 = 0.10M

C. Sara dilutes 60.0mL of 0.40M HNO3 to 0.15M. What is the final volunme?

C1 =0.40M
V1 =60.0mL
C2 =0.15M
V2 =?

C1V1 = C2V2

(0.40M)(0.060L)/0.15M = V2
V2 = 0.160L = 160mL

-->How much water was added?
160mL - 60mL = 100mL

Today in class we got our mid-term results back. Afterwards we learnt about CONCENTRATION

WHAT IS A SOLUTION?

a solution is a homogeneous mixture.--> not being able to differ the different substances mixed

WHAT IS A SOLVENT?

component presented in larger component

WHAT IS SOLUTE?

the component present in the SMALLER amount.

for example: SALT in WATER. water= SOLVENT salt= SOLUTE :)

WHAT IS CONCENTRATION?

the amount of solute over the amount of solvent

(i do not have my notes with me right now, but i'll complete it tomorrow!)

- kristina

ALSO!!** don't forget.....in order to figure out the concentration or anything else, we need to know how to get MOLES. * don't forget about moles :)

ENJOY THIS VIDEO :)

homework: unit 2 homework questions 25-28